Early detection and early treatment is the most important issue to improve the long-term survival of pancreatic cancer patients. CA199 is the most commonly used biomarker for early detection and to predict survival, however, the overall positive rate for CA199 is only 75%, and what is worse, for the early stage of pancreatic cancer patients, the positive rate is even lower, and for the lewis negative patients, CA199 is not produced at all. Therefore, novel biomarkers for the early detection of pancreatic cancer are still urgently needed. Previously, we found there is a vicious cycle between pancreatic cancer cells, that is pancreatic cancer-produced TGFbeta1 could promote the production of soluble CD58 (sCD58) in macrophages, and then sCD58 could induce the production of TGFbeta1 in pancreatic cancer cells. Therefore, the serum level of TGFbeta1 and sCD58 has diagnostic and survival values for pancreatic cancer.