• Age 40-75 years old.

• Able to provide a written informed consent.

• No prior cancer treatment (local or systematic) with either of the following:

⁃ A. Pathologically confirmed cancer diagnosis within 42 days prior to blood draw.

⁃ B. High suspicious for cancer diagnosis by imaging tests or other routine clinical examinations, with confirmed pathological cancer diagnosis within 42 days after the blood draw.

• Age 40-75 years old.

• Able to provide a written informed consent.

• Able to provide sufficient and qualified blood samples for study tests.

• Have either of the following:

⁃ A. Pathological confirmed diagnosis of benign diseases within 90 days prior to the study blood draw, with no prior treatment such as surgical resection.

⁃ B. High suspicious for benign diseases diagnosis by radiological or other routine clinical assessments, with confirmed benign diseases diagnosis within 42 days after study blood draw.

• Age 40-75 years at the day of consenting to the study.

• Able to provide a written informed consent.

• Able to provide sufficient and qualified blood samples for study tests.

• No cancer related symptoms within 30 days prior to study screening.

• No abnormal medical examination within 30 days prior to screening.

• Cancer history with curative treatment completed over 3 years without recurrence prior to study enrollment.

• Age 40-75 years old.

• Able to provide a written informed consent.

• Able to provide sufficient and qualified blood samples for study tests.

• Accompanied by known risk factors of pancreatic cancer, including carrier of any pathogenic variant, chronic pancreatitis and other risk factors.