Placenta previa is a problem of pregnancy in which the placenta grows in the lowest part of the womb (uterus) and covers all or part of the opening to the cervix.
The placenta grows during pregnancy and feeds the developing baby. The cervix is the opening to the birth canal.
Vaginal bleeding - placenta previa; Pregnancy - placenta previa
During pregnancy, the placenta moves as the womb stretches and grows. It is very common for the placenta to be low in the womb in early pregnancy. But as the pregnancy continues, the placenta moves to the top of the womb. By the third trimester, the placenta should be near the top of the womb, so the cervix is open for delivery.
Sometimes, the placenta partly or completely covers the cervix. This is called a placenta previa.
There are different forms of placenta previa:
Placenta previa occurs in 1 out of 200 pregnancies. It is more common in women who have:
Women who smoke, use cocaine, or have their children at an older age may also have an increased risk.
The main symptom of placenta previa is sudden bleeding from the vagina. Some women also have cramps. The bleeding often starts near the end of the second trimester or beginning of the third trimester.
Bleeding may be severe and life threatening. It may stop on its own but can start again days or weeks later.
Labor sometimes starts within several days of the heavy bleeding. Sometimes, bleeding may not occur until after labor starts.
Your provider will carefully consider the risk of bleeding against early delivery of your baby. After 36 weeks, delivery of the baby may be the best treatment.
Nearly all women with placenta previa need a C-section. If the placenta covers all or part of the cervix, a vaginal delivery can cause severe bleeding. This can be deadly to both the mother and baby.
If the placenta is near or covering part of the cervix, your provider may recommend:
Nothing should be placed in the vagina.
You may need to stay in the hospital so your health care team can closely monitor you and your baby.
Other treatments you may receive:
An emergency C-section may be done if the bleeding is heavy and cannot be controlled.
Stephen Chasen is an Obstetrics and Gynecologist and a Neonatologist in New York, New York. Chasen has been practicing medicine for over 31 years and is rated as an Elite expert by MediFind in the treatment of Placenta Previa. He is also highly rated in 8 other conditions, according to our data. His top areas of expertise are Placenta Previa, Cavernous Lymphangioma, Small for Gestational Age, Trisomy 18, and Hysterectomy. He is licensed to treat patients in New York.
Robert Silver is an Obstetrics and Gynecologist and a Neonatologist in Sandy, Utah. Silver has been practicing medicine for over 37 years and is rated as an Elite expert by MediFind in the treatment of Placenta Previa. He is also highly rated in 11 other conditions, according to our data. His top areas of expertise are Placenta Previa, Placental Insufficiency, Small for Gestational Age, Hysterectomy, and Endoscopy. He is licensed to treat patients in Utah. Silver is currently accepting new patients.
Karin Fox is an Obstetrics and Gynecologist and a Neonatologist in Houston, Texas. Fox has been practicing medicine for over 18 years and is rated as an Elite expert by MediFind in the treatment of Placenta Previa. She is also highly rated in 5 other conditions, according to our data. Her top areas of expertise are Placenta Previa, Premature Infant, Preeclampsia, Hysterectomy, and Tubal Ligation. She is licensed to treat patients in Texas. Fox is currently accepting new patients.
The biggest risk is severe bleeding that can be life threatening to the mother and baby. If you have severe bleeding, your baby may need to be delivered early, before major organs, such as the lungs, have developed.
For most women who receive regular prenatal care, this condition is diagnosed before symptoms appear. This helps the provider and mother take steps to minimize risks from this condition.
Contact your provider if you have vaginal bleeding during pregnancy. Placenta previa can be dangerous to both you and your baby.
Summary: Placenta previa is usually diagnosed when the placenta implanted in the lower uterine segment, thus partially or totally overlying the internal os . It occurs with an incidence of 0.3-0.5%. It is associated mainly with prior caesarean delivery . The condition is frequently complicated by invasion of placental villi beyond the decidua basalis causing placenta accreta . Placenta previa is a major ca...
Summary: placenta previa is an obstetric complication which is associated with depression and anxiety. As little is known about the emotional reaction to the diagnosis of placenta previa/accrete, a study is badly needed to estimate the magnitude of this problem and its effects on the mother
Published Date: April 19, 2022
Published By: John D. Jacobson, MD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
Francois KE, Foley MR. Antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage. In: Landon MB, Galan HL, Jauniaux ERM, et al, eds. Gabbe's Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 18.
Hull AD, Resnik R, Silver RM. Placenta previa and accreta, vasa previa, subchorionic hemorrhage, and abruptio placentae. In: Resnik R, Lockwood CJ, Moore TR, Greene MF, Copel JA, Silver RM, eds. Creasy and Resnik's Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Principles and Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 46.
Henn MC, Lall MD. Complications of pregnancy. In: Walls RM, ed. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 173.