∙ All the following criteria

• Age 18 years or greater

• Severe ICU patients hospitalized for one of the above diseases:

‣ Septic shock (requirement of vasopressor to maintain a mean arterial pressure of 65 mm Hg or greater and serum lactate level greater than 2 mmol/L (\>18 mg/dL) in the absence of hypovolemia) caused either by pneumonia (n=20) or another source n=20)

⁃ Severe trauma (level I and II), Injury Severity Score ≥ 25 OR

⁃ Burn with TBSA over 20%

• NAD \> 0.1 µg/kg/min

• At least 2 SOFA criteria ≥ 2 points