Learn About Rubella
Rubella, also known as the German measles, is an infection in which there is a rash on the skin.
Congenital rubella is when a pregnant woman with rubella passes it to the baby that is still in her womb.
Three day measles; German measles
Rubella is caused by a virus that is spread through the air or by close contact.
A person with rubella may spread the disease to others from 1 week before the rash begins, until 1 to 2 weeks after the rash disappears.
Because the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is given to most children, rubella is much less common now. Almost everyone who receives the vaccine has immunity to rubella. Immunity means that your body has built a defense to the rubella virus.
In some adults, the vaccine may wear off. This means they are not fully protected. Women who may become pregnant and other adults may receive a booster shot.
Children and adults who were never vaccinated against rubella may also get this infection.
Children generally have few symptoms. Adults may have a fever, headache, general discomfort (malaise), and a runny nose before the rash appears. They may not notice the symptoms.
Other symptoms may include:
- Bruising (rare)
- Inflammation of the eyes (bloodshot eyes)
- Muscle or joint pain
There is no treatment for this disease.
Taking acetaminophen can help reduce fever.
Defects that occur with congenital rubella syndrome can be treated.
Gail Demmler is a Pediatric Infectious Disease specialist and a Pediatrics provider in Houston, Texas. Dr. Demmler and is rated as an Experienced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Rubella. Her top areas of expertise are Congenital Cytomegalovirus, Microcephaly Deafness Syndrome, Achalasia Microcephaly Syndrome, and Microcephaly. Dr. Demmler is currently accepting new patients.
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Arun Jain is an Internal Medicine provider in Victoria, Texas. Dr. Jain and is rated as an Experienced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Rubella. His top areas of expertise are Pneumonia, Urinary Tract Infection in Children, Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia, Cataract Removal, and Tissue Biopsy. Dr. Jain is currently accepting new patients.
Tmh Physician Associates PLLC
Masayuki Nigo is an Infectious Disease provider in Bellaire, Texas. Dr. Nigo and is rated as an Experienced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Rubella. His top areas of expertise are Bacterial Meningitis, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA), Cryptococcosis, and Meningitis. Dr. Nigo is currently accepting new patients.
Rubella is most often a mild infection.
After an infection, people have immunity to the disease for the rest of their lives.
Complications can occur in the unborn baby if the mother becomes infected during pregnancy. A miscarriage or stillbirth may occur. The child may be born with birth defects.
Contact your health care provider if:
- You are a woman of childbearing age and are unsure of whether you have been vaccinated against rubella
- You or your child develop a severe headache, stiff neck, earache, or vision problems during or after a case of rubella
- You or your child need to receive MMR immunization (vaccine)
There is a safe and effective vaccine to prevent rubella. The rubella vaccine is recommended for all children. It is routinely given when children are 12 to 15 months old, but is sometimes given earlier during epidemics. A second vaccination (booster) is routinely given to children ages 4 to 6. MMR is a combination vaccine that protects against measles, mumps, and rubella.
Women of childbearing age most often have a blood test to see if they have immunity to rubella. If they are not immune, women should avoid getting pregnant for 28 days after receiving the vaccine.
Those who should not get vaccinated include:
- Women who are pregnant.
- Anyone whose immune system is affected by cancer, corticosteroid medicines, or radiation treatment.
Great care is taken not to give the vaccine to a woman who is already pregnant. However, in the rare instances when pregnant women have been vaccinated, no problems have been detected in the infants.
Summary: The purpose of this study is to assess how well-tolerated GSK's investigational varicella vaccine (VNS Vaccine) is, in comparison to an already approved varicella vaccine (VV) known as Varivax. The study will be conducted on healthy children aged 12 to 15 months, and who have neither contracted varicella nor received a varicella vaccination.
Summary: To evaluate the Immunogenicity and Safety of Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd.'s Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) Vaccine Compared to a Licensed and WHO Prequalified GSK MMR Vaccine in Healthy African Children, 9-11 Months of Age.
Published Date: January 24, 2023
Published By: Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
Mason WH, Gans HA. Rubella. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 274.
Michaels MG, Williams JV. Infectious diseases. In: Zitelli, BJ, McIntire SC, Nowalk AJ, Garrison J, eds. Zitelli and Davis' Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 13.
Wodi AP, Murthy N, Bernstein H, McNally V, Cineas S, Ault K. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended immunization schedule for children and adolescents aged 18 years or younger - United States, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71(7):234-237. PMID: 35176011 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35176011/.