⁃ To be eligible for enrollment, a patient must meet all the following inclusion criteria at the time of the first study-specified biospecimen collection (Time 0):

• Age ≥ 18 years old

• Admitted (or planned to be admitted) to an intensive care unit (ICU) or other in-patient hospital location where IV vasopressors or advanced respiratory support (invasive mechanical ventilation, non-invasive ventilation, or high flow nasal cannula) are routinely provided (referred to as an eligible unit.)

• Acute cardiovascular or pulmonary organ dysfunction defined by meeting at least one of the two criteria below:

‣ New receipt of invasive mechanical ventilation, non-invasive ventilation, high flow nasal cannula, or supplemental oxygen at a flow rate of ≥ 6 lpm for acute hypoxemia.

‣ a. Patients who use chronic oxygen therapy are eligible to participate if they are receiving at least 6 lpm higher than their baseline oxygen requirement (e.g., a patient on 3 lpm O2 at baseline is eligible if they require ≥9 lpm for hypoxemia) or are started on advanced respiratory support (invasive mechanical ventilation, non- invasive ventilation, or high flow nasal cannula).

⁃ Receipt of intravenous infusion of a vasopressor medication for at least one hour.

• Acute cardiovascular or pulmonary organ dysfunction (inclusion criterion #3) is attributed to an acute inflammatory condition, including but not limited to any of the following:

‣ Any infection including pneumonia.

⁃ Aspiration pneumonitis.

⁃ Pancreatitis.

⁃ Auto-inflammatory condition such as:

• Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

∙ Suspected acute rheumatologic or auto-immune disease with pulmonary or cardiovascular manifestations.

∙ Suspected cryptogenic organizing pneumonia presenting acutely.

∙ Suspected diffuse alveolar hemorrhage.

∙ Suspected acute anaphylaxis.

∙ Suspected acute pulmonary drug toxicity.