Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) With Virtual Reality (VR) in Upper Limb Rehabilitation After Stroke: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial
The goal of this clinical trial is to investigate if training sessions of motor imagery associated with brain-computer interface and motor observation through virtual reality (MI-VR-BCI) can help to improve arm and hand recovery after a stroke. The main questions to answer are: * Can adding MI-BCI-VR sessions improve upper limb movement? * Can it help stroke survivors perform daily activities more easily? * Does this type of training improve brain activity and connections related to movement? Researchers will compare this type of intervention with motor imagery associated with a standard brain-computer interface intervention (MI-BCI) to see if there are added effects to upper limb function, activity and brain connections. Participants will : * Perform two intervention periods in a random order: one with MI-VR-BCI training sessions and other with MI-BCI training sessions. Each period will involve 3 weekly sessions of training, during 6 weeks, with the intervention periods being separated by 3 weeks. * Complete four assessment sessions: one at the beginning and another at the end of each intervention period.
• Clinical diagnosis of stroke confirmed by neuroimaging, with resulting upper limb hemiparesis.
• Time since stroke between 6 and 24 months at the time of selection.
• Sufficient cognitive ability to understand and follow the intervention procedures.
• Spasticity score \<3 on the Modified Ashworth Scale in upper limb muscle groups.
• Adults aged 18 to 80 years.
• Ability to remain seated for approximately 2 hours.
• Motivation to participate and capacity to provide informed consent.
• Undergoing conventional rehabilitation therapy during the study period.