• Male at any age.

• Scheduled to undergo surgery, chemotherapy, drug treatment and/or radiation for the treatment or prevention of a medical condition or malignancy with risk of causing permanent and complete loss of subsequent testicular function. Be in significant risk of infertility as defined by:

‣ Cyclophosphamide equivalent dose (CED) ≥4 g/m2

⁃ Total body irradiation (TBI)

⁃ Testicular radiation \>2.5 Gy

⁃ Cisplatin 500 mg/m2

⁃ Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT)

• Or have a medical condition or malignancy that requires removal of all or part of one or both testicles.

• Or have newly diagnosed or recurrent disease. Those who were not enrolled at the time of initial diagnosis (i.e., patients with recurrent disease) are eligible if they have not previously received therapy that is viewed as likely to result in complete and permanent loss of testicular function.

• Have two testicles if undergoing elective removal of a testicle for fertility preservation only. Note: removal of both testicles will limit fertility preservation options.

• Sign an approved informed consent and authorization permitting the release of personal health information. The patient and/or the patient's legally authorized guardian must acknowledge in writing that consent for specimen collection has been obtained, in accordance with institutional policies approved by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

• Consent for serum tests for infectious diseases \[including Hepatitis B Surface Antigen, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Antibody, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) antigen/antibody screen to be performed at the time of testicular tissue harvesting.

• Undergo a full history and physical examination and obtain standard pre-operative clearance (based on the most recent American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Guideline for Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery) as determined by their primary surgeon.