⁃ Patients meeting ALL the following criteria will be included:

• Patients aged ≥ 18 years.

• Severe haemodynamical valve deterioration of a biological aortic valve implanted surgically, including severe valve stenosis (effective aortic valve area \< 1.0 cm2) and/or severe valve regurgitation.

• The patient has cardiac symptoms and/or deterioration of left ventricular ejection fraction attributable to the aortic valve disease.

• Heart team decision of VIV procedure.

• Patient is willing to return at 30 days for TTE and to be clinically contacted at 1 year.