ICU Patients admitted after ARDS due to COVID infection should be weaned from invasive mechanical ventilation as quickly as possible. 60% of ARDS patient after COVID infection admitted in ICU developp a delirium during mechanical ventilation weaning, serious event that can lead to death or acute and late complications since 30% of patients who had a delirium in ICU develop cognitive sequelae. Based on epidemiological arguments and mouse models, severe neuroinflammation is considered to be one of the physiopathological mechanisms causing delirium during ventilatory weaning. In addition to its sedative properties, dexmedetomidine exhibits neuroprotective effects. In experimental models, dexmedetomidine reduces brain inflammation acting directly on the microglial phenotype. The role of this chronic neuroinflammatory condition on cognitive abilities and reserve begins to emerge in the literature no matter the initial stress is (surgery, head trauma, or Alzheimer's type dementia) and is therefore able to influence quality of life. The evaluation of this neuroinflammation by non-invasive tools appears essential in the management and follow-up of post-COVID cerebrolesed patients, as well as the potentially neuroprotective evaluation of dexmedetomidine.