This project aims to identify key cells and molecules involved in the development and modulation of neuropathic pain treated with spinal cord stimulation (SCS). By measuring concentrations of selected inflammatory mediators and signaling molecules (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-33, BDNF, VEGF, GABA) in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients undergoing SCS, the study seeks to better understand the mechanism of action of SCS. The findings may allow the development of predictive biomarkers, help tailor stimulation parameters, and support complementary pharmacotherapy. The project also explores differences in response to various stimulation types and the role of glial cells in SCS efficacy, with a view to improving patient outcomes through more personalized neuromodulation strategies.