The 20 Best Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) Doctors Near Me in Bridgeport, CT

Find the Top Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) Experts and Specialists

Find a DoctorCondition OverviewLatest AdvancesClinical TrialsTreatments

Filters

Specialty
Additional Specialty
Distance
    Gender
    Insurance
    Availability
    Language
    Years of Experience
    Level of Expertise

    Last Updated: 10/30/2025

    Save doctors for later
    Sign Up
    Not sure about your diagnosis?
    Check Your Symptoms
    Already have a doctor?
    Find A Second Opinion

    MediFind found 37 doctor with experience in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) near Bridgeport, CT. Of these, 24 are Experienced, 9 are Advanced and 4 are Distinguished.

    Location
    LocationClose
    37 providers found
      Distinguished in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Ian R. Gorovoy

      Ophthalmology
      Distinguished in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Ian R. Gorovoy

      Ophthalmology

      Ophthalmic Surgeons Of Gr Bpt PC

      2371 Black Rock Tpke, 
      Fairfield, CT 
       (3.3 miles away)
      203-371-0141
      Languages Spoken:
      English
      See accepted insurances

      Ian Gorovoy is an Ophthalmologist in Fairfield, Connecticut. Dr. Gorovoy is rated as a Distinguished provider by MediFind in the treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD). His top areas of expertise are Interstitial Keratitis, Chalazion, Eyelid Bump, Iridectomy, and Vitrectomy.

      Distinguished in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Meredith R. Gershon

      Ophthalmology
      Distinguished in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Meredith R. Gershon

      Ophthalmology

      Connecticut Retina Consultants LLC

      888 White Plains Rd, Suite 202, 
      Trumbull, CT 
       (4.4 miles away)
      203-365-6565
      Languages Spoken:
      English
      See accepted insurances

      Meredith Gershon is an Ophthalmologist in Trumbull, Connecticut. Dr. Gershon is rated as a Distinguished provider by MediFind in the treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD). Her top areas of expertise are Late-Onset Retinal Degeneration, Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD), Diabetic Retinopathy, and Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.

      What does Elite, Distinguished, Advanced, Experienced mean?
      Distinguished in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Nancy E. Miller-Rivero

      Ophthalmology
      Distinguished in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Nancy E. Miller-Rivero

      Ophthalmology

      Connecticut Retina Consultants LLC

      888 White Plains Rd, Suite 202, 
      Trumbull, CT 
       (4.4 miles away)
      203-365-6565
      Languages Spoken:
      English
      See accepted insurances

      Nancy Miller-Rivero is an Ophthalmologist in Trumbull, Connecticut. Dr. Miller-Rivero is rated as a Distinguished provider by MediFind in the treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD). Her top areas of expertise are Late-Onset Retinal Degeneration, Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD), Diabetic Retinopathy, and Retinal Vein Occlusion.

      Are you looking for a specific type of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)?

      Common conditions include: Geographic Atrophy

      Learn about our expert tiers
      Advanced in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Jeffrey N. Kaplan

      Ophthalmology
      Advanced in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Jeffrey N. Kaplan

      Ophthalmology

      Eye Group Of Connecticut, LLC

      4699 Main St, Suite 106, 
      Bridgeport, CT 
       (3.3 miles away)
      Languages Spoken:
      English
      See accepted insurances

      Jeffrey Kaplan is an Ophthalmologist in Bridgeport, Connecticut. Dr. Kaplan is rated as an Advanced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD). His top areas of expertise are Cataract, Orbital Cellulitis, Glaucoma, and Late-Onset Retinal Degeneration.

      Advanced in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Marc L. Weitzman

      Ophthalmology
      Advanced in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Marc L. Weitzman

      Ophthalmology

      Ophthalmic Surgeons Of Gr Bpt PC

      2371 Black Rock Tpke, 
      Fairfield, CT 
       (3.3 miles away)
      203-371-0141
      Languages Spoken:
      English
      See accepted insurances

      Marc Weitzman is an Ophthalmologist in Fairfield, Connecticut. Dr. Weitzman is rated as an Advanced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD). His top areas of expertise are Glaucoma, Cataract, Bietti Crystalline Dystrophy (BCD), and Blepharitis.

      Advanced in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Elisse Y. Park

      Ophthalmology
      Advanced in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Elisse Y. Park

      Ophthalmology

      Ophthalmic Surgeons Of Gr Bpt PC

      2371 Black Rock Tpke, 
      Fairfield, CT 
       (3.3 miles away)
      203-371-0141
      Languages Spoken:
      English
      See accepted insurances

      Elisse Park is an Ophthalmologist in Fairfield, Connecticut. Dr. Park is rated as an Advanced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD). Her top areas of expertise are Chalazion, Eyelid Bump, Orbital Cellulitis, and Meibomianitis.

      Advanced in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Laura R. Hatch

      Ophthalmology | Emergency Medicine
      Advanced in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Laura R. Hatch

      Ophthalmology | Emergency Medicine

      Ophthalmic Surgeons Of Gr Bpt PC

      2371 Black Rock Tpke, 
      Fairfield, CT 
       (3.3 miles away)
      203-371-0141
      Languages Spoken:
      English
      See accepted insurances

      Laura Hatch is an Ophthalmologist and an Emergency Medicine provider in Fairfield, Connecticut. Dr. Hatch is rated as an Advanced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD). Her top areas of expertise are Blepharitis, Dry Eye Syndrome, Chalazion, and Eyelid Bump.

      Advanced in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Joanna L. Sarracino

      Ophthalmology
      Advanced in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Joanna L. Sarracino

      Ophthalmology

      Ophthalmic Surgeons Of Gr Bpt PC

      2371 Black Rock Tpke, 
      Fairfield, CT 
       (3.3 miles away)
      203-371-0141
      Languages Spoken:
      English
      See accepted insurances

      Joanna Sarracino is an Ophthalmologist in Fairfield, Connecticut. Dr. Sarracino is rated as an Advanced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD). Her top areas of expertise are Choroid Plexus Carcinoma, Glaucoma, Blepharitis, and Cataract.

      Advanced in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Richard I. Kaplan

      Ophthalmology
      Advanced in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Richard I. Kaplan

      Ophthalmology

      Connecticut Retina Consultants LLC

      888 White Plains Rd, Suite 202, 
      Trumbull, CT 
       (4.4 miles away)
      203-365-6565
      Languages Spoken:
      English
      See accepted insurances

      Richard Kaplan is an Ophthalmologist in Trumbull, Connecticut. Dr. Kaplan is rated as an Advanced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD). His top areas of expertise are Retinal Detachment, Late-Onset Retinal Degeneration, Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD), Vitrectomy, and Trabeculectomy.

      Distinguished in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. David Tom

      Ophthalmology
      Distinguished in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. David Tom

      Ophthalmology

      Refocus Eye Health Of Central Connecticut PC

      162 Kings Hwy N, 
      Westport, CT 
       (9.2 miles away)
      203-222-7474
      Languages Spoken:
      English
      See accepted insurances

      David Tom is an Ophthalmologist in Westport, Connecticut. Dr. Tom is rated as a Distinguished provider by MediFind in the treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD). His top areas of expertise are Late-Onset Retinal Degeneration, Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD), Retinal Artery Occlusion, and Retinal Vein Occlusion.

      Experienced in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Delia M. Manjoney

      Ophthalmology
      Experienced in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Delia M. Manjoney

      Ophthalmology
      2720 Main St, Fl 3, 
      Bridgeport, CT 
       (1.4 miles away)
      203-576-6500
      Languages Spoken:
      English
      See accepted insurances

      Delia Manjoney is an Ophthalmologist in Bridgeport, Connecticut. Dr. Manjoney is rated as an Experienced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD). Her top areas of expertise are Dry Eye Syndrome, Cataract, Glaucoma, and Late-Onset Retinal Degeneration.

      Experienced in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Edward A. Pulice

      Ophthalmology
      Experienced in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Edward A. Pulice

      Ophthalmology
      2720 Main St Fl 3, 
      Bridgeport, CT 
       (2.3 miles away)
      203-576-6500
      Languages Spoken:
      English
      See accepted insurances

      Edward Pulice is an Ophthalmologist in Bridgeport, Connecticut. Dr. Pulice is rated as an Experienced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD). His top areas of expertise are Kallikrein Hypertension, Cataract, Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD), and Late-Onset Retinal Degeneration.

      Experienced in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Scott M. Seo

      Ophthalmology
      Experienced in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Scott M. Seo

      Ophthalmology
      3715 Main St, Suite 309, 
      Bridgeport, CT 
       (2.4 miles away)
      203-372-4211
      Languages Spoken:
      English
      See accepted insurances

      Scott Seo is an Ophthalmologist in Bridgeport, Connecticut. Dr. Seo is rated as an Experienced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD). His top areas of expertise are Cataract, Dry Eye Syndrome, Glaucoma, and Choroid Plexus Carcinoma.

      Experienced in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Olga Konykhov

      Ophthalmology
      Experienced in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Olga Konykhov

      Ophthalmology

      Eye Group Of Connecticut, LLC

      4699 Main St, Suite 106, 
      Bridgeport, CT 
       (3.3 miles away)
      203-374-8182
      Languages Spoken:
      English
      See accepted insurances

      Olga Konykhov is an Ophthalmologist in Bridgeport, Connecticut. Dr. Konykhov is rated as an Experienced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD). Her top areas of expertise are Interstitial Keratitis, Cataract, Blepharitis, and Glaucoma.

      Experienced in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Jeffrey R. Sandler

      Ophthalmology
      Experienced in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Jeffrey R. Sandler

      Ophthalmology
      4699 Main St, Suite 106, 
      Bridgeport, CT 
       (3.3 miles away)
      303-374-8182
      Languages Spoken:
      English
      See accepted insurances

      Jeffrey Sandler is an Ophthalmologist in Bridgeport, Connecticut. Dr. Sandler is rated as an Experienced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD). His top areas of expertise are Orbital Cellulitis, Subconjunctival Hemorrhage, Glaucoma, and Eyelid Bump.

      Experienced in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Nataliya Pokeza

      Ophthalmology
      Experienced in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Nataliya Pokeza

      Ophthalmology

      Eye Group Of Connecticut, LLC

      4699 Main St, Suite 106, 
      Bridgeport, CT 
       (3.3 miles away)
      203-374-8182
      Languages Spoken:
      English, Polish, Russian, Ukrainian
      See accepted insurances
      Accepting New Patients

      Nataliya Pokeza is an Ophthalmologist in Bridgeport, Connecticut. Dr. Pokeza is rated as an Experienced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD). Her top areas of expertise are Blepharitis, Cataract, Interstitial Keratitis, and Glaucoma. Dr. Pokeza is currently accepting new patients.

      Experienced in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Shelley K. Driesman

      Ophthalmology
      Experienced in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Shelley K. Driesman

      Ophthalmology
      2371 Black Rock Tpke, 
      Fairfield, CT 
       (3.3 miles away)
      203-371-0141
      Languages Spoken:
      English
      See accepted insurances

      Shelley Driesman is an Ophthalmologist in Fairfield, Connecticut. Dr. Driesman is rated as an Experienced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD). Her top areas of expertise are Chalazion, Pigment-Dispersion Syndrome, Eyelid Bump, and Late-Onset Retinal Degeneration.

      Experienced in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. David H. Mccullough

      Ophthalmology
      Experienced in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. David H. Mccullough

      Ophthalmology
      112 Quarry Rd, Suite 150, 
      Trumbull, CT 
       (3.5 miles away)
      203-385-1166
      Languages Spoken:
      English
      See accepted insurances

      David Mccullough is an Ophthalmologist in Trumbull, Connecticut. Dr. Mccullough is rated as an Experienced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD). His top areas of expertise are Glaucoma, Scleritis, Central Serous Chorioretinopathy, and Late-Onset Retinal Degeneration.

      Experienced in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Anthony A. Musto

      Ophthalmology
      Experienced in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Anthony A. Musto

      Ophthalmology
      3060 Main St, 
      Stratford, CT 
       (3.6 miles away)
      203-375-5819
      Languages Spoken:
      English
      See accepted insurances

      Anthony Musto is an Ophthalmologist in Stratford, Connecticut. Dr. Musto is rated as an Experienced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD). His top areas of expertise are Glaucoma, Chalazion, Meibomianitis, and Eyelid Bump.

      Experienced in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Wendy A. Klein

      Ophthalmology
      Experienced in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

      Dr. Wendy A. Klein

      Ophthalmology
      160 Hawley Ln, Ste 107, 
      Trumbull, CT 
       (4.4 miles away)
      203-378-3224
      Languages Spoken:
      English
      See accepted insurances

      Wendy Klein is an Ophthalmologist in Trumbull, Connecticut. Dr. Klein is rated as an Experienced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD). Her top areas of expertise are Geographic Atrophy, Late-Onset Retinal Degeneration, Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD), and Cataract.

      Showing 1-20 of 37

      Last Updated: 10/30/2025

      What is the definition of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)?

      Macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is the deterioration of the part of the eye (macula) that allows for seeing clearly in the center of the field of vision, as well as the ability to see straight ahead, and is the leading cause of central vision loss among older individuals over the age of 50. Macular degeneration has two types: 1) Dry macular degeneration, and 2) Wet macular degeneration. Dry macular degeneration, also known as Non-neovascular macular degeneration, is the most common type (90%) and gradually causes significant vision loss as the macular cells deteriorate, leading to blurry vision and blank spots in the center field of vision. Wet macular degeneration is the less common and more serious type (10%) and occurs when new blood vessels grow (choroidal neovascularization; CNV) beneath the retina that leak blood and fluid into the macula and cause scarring that leads to rapid vision loss. Age-related macular degeneration is more common in individuals of European descent.

      When should I see an Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) doctor near Bridgeport, CT?

      There are various reasons why you may want to see a specialist, such as: 

      • Your primary care provider recommends it. 
      • Your condition requires expert knowledge and specialized care. 
      • Your symptoms persist or worsen despite treatment. 
      • You need specialized testing or procedures. 
      • You want a second opinion.  

      What should I consider when choosing an Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) doctor near Bridgeport, CT?

      It’s important to see a provider with expertise in your specific condition. Each provider profile in MediFind’s doctor database includes information on which conditions they treat, years of experience, research contributions, languages spoken, insurance plans accepted, and more.  

      How do I find the best Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) doctor near Bridgeport, CT?

      You can find an Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) doctor in any of the 10 largest U.S. cities by clicking below:

      Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) doctor near New York, NY
      Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) doctor near Los Angeles, CA
      Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) doctor near Chicago, IL
      Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) doctor near Houston, TX
      Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) doctor near Phoenix, AZ
      Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) doctor near Philadelphia, PA
      Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) doctor near Atlanta, GA
      Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) doctor near Boston, MA
      Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) doctor near Dallas, TX
      Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) doctor near San Jose, CA

      How does MediFind rank Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) doctors near Bridgeport, CT?

      MediFind’s rankings are based on a variety of data sources, such as the number of articles a doctor has published in medical journals, participation in clinical trials and industry conferences, as well as the number of patients that provider sees for a given condition. Note that MediFind’s provider database is not based on user reviews, and providers do not pay to be included in the database. 

      What types of insurance are accepted by Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) doctors near Bridgeport, CT?

      Most profiles in MediFind’s doctor database include a list of insurance plans accepted by that provider. However, it’s a good idea to contact the provider’s office to make sure they still accept your insurance, then doublecheck by contacting your insurance plan to confirm they’re in network. 

      How can I book an appointment online with an Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) doctor near Bridgeport, CT?

      MediFind offers direct scheduling for certain providers using the “Request Appointment” button on that provider’s profile. If the schedule option is not available for a provider, tap the red “Show Phone Number” button on their profile to get their contact information. If you prefer to find providers who offer online scheduling, select “Schedules online” under the “Availability” category of the filter feature on the left side of the Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) doctor search results page. 

      Why is it important to get a second opinion from a different Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) doctor?

      Second opinions are an opportunity to confirm a diagnosis and its root cause, learn about alternative treatment options, or simply gain peace of mind. Many people, especially those with serious diagnoses, get second opinions so they can understand all their options and make informed decisions, so don’t hesitate to get one if you have any doubts or need more information or clarification regarding your care. Note that some insurance plans require second opinions, while others don’t cover second opinions, so be sure to confirm with your insurance provider first.   

      How can I prepare for my appointment with an Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) doctor near Bridgeport, CT?

      Prepare for your appointment by gathering the following items: 

      • Copies of medical records (dating back at least one year) 
      • Your medical history, including illnesses, medical conditions, surgeries, and other doctors you see 
      • Family history of disease 
      • List of current prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal remedies or supplements including names and doses 
      • Allergies to medications, food, latex, insects, etc.  
      • List of questions and concerns 
      • Your insurance card 

      You might also contact the provider’s office to see if they offer transportation or childcare services or if you’re allowed to bring a loved one for support or to take notes during your visit. 

      What questions should I ask my Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) doctor?

      Here are some sample questions: 

      • Can you explain in simple terms what this condition is and how it’s treated? 
      • What symptoms or side effects should I watch for? 
      • What tests will be involved, and when can I expect results? 
      • Are there other specialists I need to see? 
      • What’s the best way to reach you if I have follow-up questions? 

      How can I learn about the latest clinical trials and research advances my Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) doctor may know about?

      MediFind’s Clinical Trials tool asks you a series of questions to help you narrow down your search by health condition, age, gender, location, how far you’re willing to travel, and more. Each question you answer filters down the number of trials until you find the ones that are most relevant to you. 

      MediFind’s Latest Advances tool features summaries of recent articles published in medical journals. We use cutting-edge technology to scour medical publication databases for the latest research advancements on any given condition, then we simplify this information in a way that’s useful and easy to understand. 

      Can I filter my search to show male or female Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) doctors near Bridgeport, CT?

      Look for the filter feature on the left side of the Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) doctor search results page. Select “Female” or “Male” under the “Gender” category to search for female or male providers exclusively. If the “Any” option is selected, it will pull results for both male and female providers. 

      Can I filter my search to find an Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) doctor that offers video calls?

      Look for the filter feature on the left-side of the Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) doctor search results page. Select “Offers telehealth visits” under the Availability category to search for providers who offer virtual appointments (video calls). 

      Reviewed on: 11/11/24  

      By: MediFind Medical Staff 

      Read more about our Content Policy. 

      More Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) Doctors by city

      Branford
      Bridgeport
      Danbury
      Fairfield
      Farmington
      Hamden
      Hartford
      Manchester
      Meriden
      Middletown
      Milford
      New Haven
      Norwich
      Stamford
      Trumbull
      Waterbury
      Waterford
      West Hartford
      1. Homepage
      2. Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) Doctors
      3. Bridgeport, CT, US
      For Patients
      • Our Story
      • How MediFind Works
      • Conditions A-Z
      • Doctor Directory
      • Symptoms Directory
      • Procedures Directory
      • Treatment Directory
      • Drug Directory
      • Infusion Center Finder
      • FAQ
      • Contact Us
      For Providers and Practices
      • Claim Your Profile
      • Newsroom
      Business Solutions
      • Provider
      • Network Solutions
      Additional Resources
      • Consumer Health Data Privacy Policy
      • Privacy Policy
      • Terms of Use
      • Advertising Policy
      • Content Policy
      Subscribe to our newsletter

      Sign up to stay informed about MediFind and get wellness sent your way.

      Close

        By subscribing, I agree to MediFind's Terms of Use, Privacy Policy and Consumer Health Data Privacy Policy, as applicable.

        Bullet PinMediFind
        Follow us on
        This information is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice. You should work with a licensed professional to diagnose and treat health conditions. We let the data speak for itself, MediFind does not endorse any healthcare providers.
        © 2025 All Rights Reserved