Learn About Arrhythmias

What is the definition of Arrhythmias?

An arrhythmia is a disorder of the heart rate (pulse) or heart rhythm. The heart can beat too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or irregularly.

An arrhythmia can be harmless, a sign of other heart problems, or an immediate danger to your health.

What are the alternative names for Arrhythmias?

Abnormal heart rhythms; Bradycardia; Tachycardia; Fibrillation

What are the causes of Arrhythmias?

Normally, your heart works as a pump that brings blood to the lungs and the rest of the body.

To help this happen, your heart has an electrical system that makes sure it contracts (squeezes) in an orderly way.

  • The electrical impulse that signals your heart to contract begins in an area of the heart called the sinoatrial node (also called the sinus node or SA node). This is your heart's natural pacemaker.
  • The signal leaves the SA node and travels through the heart along a set electrical pathway.
  • Different nerve messages signal your heart to beat slower or faster.

Arrhythmias are caused by problems with the heart's electrical conduction system.

  • Abnormal extra signals may occur.
  • Electrical signals may be blocked or slowed.
  • Electrical signals travel in new or different pathways through the heart.

Some common causes of abnormal heartbeats are:

  • Abnormal levels of potassium, magnesium, or other substances in the body
  • Heart attack, or a damaged heart muscle from a past heart attack
  • Heart disease that is present at birth (congenital)
  • Heart failure or an enlarged heart
  • Overactive thyroid gland

Arrhythmias may also be caused by some substances or drugs, including:

  • Alcohol or stimulant drugs
  • Certain medicines
  • Cigarette smoking (nicotine)

Some of the more common abnormal heart rhythms are:

  • Atrial fibrillation or flutter
  • Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT)
  • Heart block or atrioventricular block
  • Multifocal atrial tachycardia
  • Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
  • Sick sinus syndrome
  • Ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia
  • Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
What are the symptoms of Arrhythmias?

When you have an arrhythmia, your heartbeat may be:

  • Too slow (bradycardia)
  • Too quick (tachycardia)
  • Irregular, uneven, possibly with extra or skipped beats

An arrhythmia may be present all of the time or it may come and go. You may or may not feel symptoms when the arrhythmia is present. Or, you may only notice symptoms when you are more active.

Symptoms can be very mild, or they may be severe or even life threatening.

Common symptoms that may occur when the arrhythmia is present could include:

  • Chest pain
  • Fainting
  • Lightheadedness, dizziness
  • Paleness
  • Palpitations (feeling your heart beat fast or irregularly)
  • Shortness of breath
  • Sweating
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What are the current treatments for Arrhythmias?

When an arrhythmia is serious, you may need urgent treatment to restore a normal rhythm. This may include:

  • Electrical therapy (defibrillation or cardioversion)
  • Implanting a short-term heart pacemaker
  • Medicines given through a vein or by mouth

Sometimes, better treatment for your angina or heart failure will lower your chance of having an arrhythmia.

Medicines called anti-arrhythmic drugs may be used:

  • To prevent an arrhythmia from happening again
  • To keep your heart rate from becoming too fast or too slow

Some of these medicines can have side effects. Take them as prescribed by your provider. Do not stop taking the medicine or change the dose without first talking to your provider.

Other treatments to prevent or treat abnormal heart rhythms include:

  • Cardiac ablation, used to target areas in your heart that may be causing your heart rhythm problems
  • An implantable cardioverter defibrillator, placed in people who are at high risk of sudden cardiac death
  • Permanent pacemaker, a device that senses when your heart is beating too slowly. It sends a signal to your heart that makes your heart beat at the correct pace.
Who are the top Arrhythmias Local Doctors?

The New London Hospital Association Inc

273 Country Rd, 
New London, NH 
 1.4 mi

Andrew Torkelson is a Cardiologist in New London, New Hampshire. Dr. Torkelson has been practicing medicine for over 43 years and is rated as a Distinguished provider by MediFind in the treatment of Arrhythmias. His top areas of expertise are Coronary Heart Disease, Atherosclerosis, Angina, and Heart Murmurs.

Dartmouth-Hitchcock Clinic

1 Medical Ctr Dr, 
Lebanon, NH 
 22.6 mi

Kalyan Ghanta is a Cardiologist in Lebanon, New Hampshire. Dr. Ghanta and is rated as an Advanced provider by MediFind in the treatment of Arrhythmias. His top areas of expertise are Atrial Fibrillation, Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia (IST), Familial Ventricular Tachycardia, and Ectopic Heartbeat.

 
 
 
 
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Dartmouth-Hitchcock Clinic

10 Alice Peck Day Dr, 
Lebanon, NH 
 20.7 mi

Jon Wahrenberger is a Cardiologist in Lebanon, New Hampshire. Dr. Wahrenberger and is rated as a Distinguished provider by MediFind in the treatment of Arrhythmias. His top areas of expertise are Coronary Heart Disease, Atherosclerosis, Atrial Fibrillation, Pacemaker Implantation, and Angioplasty.

What is the outlook (prognosis) for Arrhythmias?

The outcome depends on several factors:

  • The kind of arrhythmia you have.
  • Whether you have coronary artery disease, heart failure, or valvular heart disease.
When should I contact a medical professional for Arrhythmias?

Contact your provider if:

  • You develop any of the symptoms of a possible arrhythmia.
  • You have been diagnosed with an arrhythmia and your symptoms worsen or do not improve with treatment.
How do I prevent Arrhythmias?

Taking steps to prevent coronary artery disease may reduce your chance of developing an arrhythmia.

What are the latest Arrhythmias Clinical Trials?
ATrial Tachycardia PAcing Therapy in Congenital Heart

Summary: Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects approximately 1% of newborns in the US, with 25% of those affected having critical conditions requiring open heart surgery within one year of birth. Surgical and medical advances have allowed many patients to live beyond their fourth and fifth decades of life. Unfortunately, cardiac arrhythmias are a relatively common sequela due to cardiac anomalies and surg...

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A Multicenter Patient Registry for Outcomes of Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia and Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome Treatment

Summary: The primary objective of this registry is to capture real-world safety and performance data on AtriCure devices used to ablate cardiac tissue when treating Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia (IST) or Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS). This is a retrospective and prospective, multicenter, US/OUS, observational data registry.

Who are the sources who wrote this article ?

Published Date: May 27, 2024
Published By: Michael A. Chen, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

What are the references for this article ?

Al-Khatib SM, Stevenson WG, Ackerman MJ, et al. 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: Executive summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Heart Rhythm. 2018;15(10):e190-e252. PMID: 29097320 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29097320/.

Nattel S, Tomaselli GF. Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Bhatt DL, Solomon SD, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 62.

Olgin JE. Approach to the patient with suspected arrhythmia. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 49.

Tracy CM, Epstein AE, Darbar D, et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update of the 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60(14):1297-1313. PMID: 22975230 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22975230/.