• Male and female patients aged ≥ 18 years at baseline (signing of consent);

• Willing and able to provide written informed consent;

• Patient diagnosed or confirmed with AF and/or AFL within the last 12 months of signed consent form;

• Patient with VHD confirmed by echocardiography within the last 36 months of signed consent form except for mitral stenosis that must be confirmed within the last 12 months;

• Patient at risk for stroke in whom a long term oral anticoagulation is indicated and who are prescribed edoxaban.