Phase IIa Clinical Trial of External Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation for Autistic Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if external trigeminal nerve stimulation (eTNS) works to treat ADHD symptoms in children on the autism spectrum (ASD). It will also learn about the efficacy and tolerability of the eTNS device. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does eTNS reduce ADHD symptoms? * Does eTNS improve core and associated features of ASD? Participation spans 8-12 weeks and includes: * 4-5 in-person visits * 4 brief virtual check-ins * Nightly use of the eTNS device with a small sticky patch applied to child's forehead * Randomized assignment (those who start with the sham device may try the active device later)
• Confirmed clinician diagnosis of ASD according to DSM-5 criteria, corroborated by prior testing (or obtained in study screening) with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) with or without the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R)
• IQ \> 70 as corroborated by prior testing (or obtained in study screening) with the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence Scale (WASI)
• Confirmed diagnosis of ADHD according to DSM-5 criteria with minimum ADHD-RS score of \> 24
• Stable on current medications for a minimum of 4 weeks before baseline
• Ability to complete protocol testing
• Both the child participant and their primary caregiver must be fluent in English (speaking, reading, and understanding), as the questionnaires and assessment tools used in this study have been validated only in English.