Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is a serious infection associated with a high mortality rate (with or without associated infective endocarditis (IE)), long hospital stays and multiple complications, due to the terrain in which it occurs and its secondary localization. They may be community-acquired or healthcare-associated infections. Being a carrier of S. aureus is a known risk factor for S. aureus bacteremia. Although several mucosal sites of carriage have been described, screening for carriage is most often carried out at the nasal level, both for reasons of simplicity and because it is the predominant site of carriage of this bacterium. However, S. aureus carriage is a frequent occurrence, affecting around 1/3 of the general population.