Energetics and Glutamate in Schizophrenia
The goal of this case-control study is to compare brain glutamate, glucose utilisation, lactate production and brain activity in healthy volunteers and people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. It investigates the following main questions: Whether, compared to healthy volunteers, participants with schizophrenia show: 1. reduction in brain glucose utilisation 2. increased brain lactate 3. greater variability in brain glutamate Participants will be asked to have a screening visit, a MRI brain scan and a PET-MRI brain scan.
⁃ Healthy volunteer group:
⁃ 1\. No history of psychiatric illness, as assessed on the Mini neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI).
⁃ Treatment responsive schizophrenia group:
• Meeting ICD-11 criteria for schizophrenia (F20)
• Meeting symptomatic consensus criteria for remission, defined as scores of mild or less on items P1, P2, P3, N1, N4, N6, G5 and G9 of the PANSS and no history of symptomatic relapse in the past 6 months.
• Currently receiving one or more of the following antipsychotic medications: Olanzapine; Risperidone; Quetiapine; Amisulpride; Aripiprazole; Paliperidone.
• Antipsychotic adherent, defined as having a score of \>=moderate adherence on the Kemp scale.
⁃ Treatment-resistant schizophrenia group:
• Meeting ICD-11 criteria for schizophrenia (F20)
• Meeting modified consensus criteria for treatment resistance, including history of at least two antipsychotic treatment trials each lasting ≥6 weeks at a dose of ≥400mg chlorpromazine equivalents.
• Total PANSS total score \> 70
• Moderate functional impairment (\<60 on the SOFAS)
• Currently receiving one or more of the following antipsychotic medications: Clozapine; Olanzapine; Risperidone; Quetiapine; Amisulpride; Aripiprazole; Paliperidone.
• Antipsychotic adherent, defined as having a score of \>=moderate adherence on the Kemp scale.