Vaginal CancerSymptoms, Doctors, Treatments, Advances & More
Vaginal Cancer Overview
Learn About Vaginal Cancer
Vaginal cancer is cancer of the vagina, a female reproductive organ.
Vaginal cancer; Cancer - vagina; Tumor - vaginal
Most vaginal cancers occur when another cancer, such as cervical, vulvar, or endometrial cancer, spreads. This is called secondary vaginal cancer.
Cancer that starts in the vagina is called primary vaginal cancer. This type of cancer is rare. Most primary vaginal cancers start in skin-like cells called squamous cells. This cancer is known as squamous cell carcinoma. The other types include:
- Adenocarcinoma
- Melanoma
- Sarcoma
The cause of squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina is unknown. But a history of cervical cancer is common in women with squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina. So it may be associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection.
Most women with squamous cell cancer of the vagina are over 50.
Adenocarcinoma of the vagina tends to affect younger women. The average age at which this cancer is diagnosed is 19. Women whose mothers took the medicine diethylstilbestrol (DES) to prevent miscarriages during the first 3 months of pregnancy are more likely to develop vaginal adenocarcinoma.
Sarcoma of the vagina is a rare cancer that mainly occurs in infancy and early childhood.
Symptoms of vaginal cancer can include any of the following:
- Bleeding after having sex
- Painless vaginal bleeding and discharge not due to a normal period
- Pain in the pelvis or vagina
Some women have no symptoms.
Treatment of vaginal cancer depends on:
- The type of cancer
- How far the disease has spread
Surgery is sometimes used if the cancer is small and located at the upper part of the vagina. Most women are treated with radiation. If the tumor is cervical cancer that has spread to the vagina, radiation and chemotherapy are both given.
Sarcoma may be treated with a combination of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation.
UPMC Magee-Womens Gynecologic Oncology
Dr. Sukumvanich is a specialized surgeon and gynecologic oncologist, specializing in the treatment of gynecologic and breast cancers. He serves as an assistant professor in the School of Medicine, and his research centers on the genetic causes of ovarian and breast cancers, and also cancer informatics (the science of analyzing large amounts of information). Dr. Sukumvanich is rated as an Elite provider by MediFind in the treatment of Vaginal Cancer. He is also highly rated in 17 other conditions, according to our data. His clinical expertise encompasses Endometrial Cancer, Vaginal Cancer, Vulvar Cancer, Vulvectomy, and Hysterectomy. Dr. Sukumvanich is board certified in American Board Of Obstetrics And Gynecology and American Board Of Obstetrics And Gynecology. Dr. Sukumvanich is currently accepting new patients.
Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
Akila Viswanathan, M.D., M.P.H., is the director for the Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, and a professor of radiation oncology, gynecology/obstetrics and oncology for Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Dr. Viswanathan leads the department emphasizing excellence in clinical care, research and education. She has expertise with gynecologic cancers and their treatment, including cervical and uterine cancers and image-guided brachytherapy. She has developed numerous clinical innovations and initiated several system-wide integration efforts at all sites, including Green Spring Station, Bayview, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Suburban's Rockledge site, and Sibley Memorial Hospital for the Johns Hopkins Department of Radiation Oncology. Dr. Viswanathan earned her undergraduate degree at Harvard University, her medical degree at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, followed by her Masters in Public Health and Masters in Epidemiology at the Harvard School of Public Health. She completed a residency in radiation oncology at the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy at Harvard Medical School, where she served as chief resident. She has had research grant funding through the National Cancer Institute K07, R21 and R01 programs to support efforts in gynecologic cancers, specifically looking at the identification of gynecologic tumors at the time of brachytherapy under magnetic resonance imaging. The research team has developed several novel clinical innovations. Dr. Viswanathan has been named one of America's Top Doctors by Newsweek, Who’s who in America, and a Super Doctor by the Washington Post magazine. Dr. Viswanathan served as President and Chair of the Board of the American Brachytherapy Society; Chair of Education Committee for American Society for Radiation Oncology; and, on the Gynecologic Cancer Steering Committee and the uterine cancer task force for the National Cancer Institute. Dr. Akila Viswanathan has published more than 200 articles and chapters, and lectures nationally and internationally. She is the Editor-in-Chief for Seminars in Radiation Oncology. She is on the editorial board of Gynecologic Oncology and Brachytherapy, and is an editor of several textbooks including Gynecologic Radiation Therapy: Novel Approaches to Image-Guidance and Management, Radiation Therapy Techniques for Gynecologic Cancers, and Gunderson and Tepper's Clinical Radiation Oncology. Make A Gift. Dr. Viswanathan is rated as an Elite provider by MediFind in the treatment of Vaginal Cancer. She is also highly rated in 10 other conditions, according to our data. Her clinical expertise encompasses Vaginal Cancer, Cervical Cancer, Vulvar Cancer, Vulvectomy, and Cordotomy. Dr. Viswanathan is board certified in American Board Of Radiology.
UPMC Hillman Cancer Center
John Austin Vargo IV, MD, is a radiation oncologist specializing in breast cancer and gynecologic malignancies, including image-based brachytherapy and stereotactic radiotherapy. Dr. Vargo is rated as an Elite provider by MediFind in the treatment of Vaginal Cancer. He is also highly rated in 11 other conditions, according to our data. His clinical expertise encompasses Vaginal Cancer, Cervical Cancer, Endometrial Cancer, Pancreaticoduodenectomy, and Gamma Knife Radiosurgery. Dr. Vargo is board certified in American Board Of Radiology. Dr. Vargo is currently accepting new patients.
You can ease the stress of illness by joining a support group whose members share common experiences and problems.
The outlook for women with vaginal cancer depends on the size and the stage of disease and the specific type of tumor.
Vaginal cancer may spread to other areas of the body. Complications can occur from radiation, surgery, and chemotherapy.
Contact your health care provider for an appointment if:
- You notice bleeding after sex
- You have persistent vaginal bleeding or discharge
There are no definite ways to prevent this cancer.
The HPV vaccine is approved to help prevent cervical cancer. This vaccine may also decrease the risk of getting some other HPV-associated cancers, such as vaginal cancer. You can increase your chance of early detection by getting regular pelvic examinations and Pap smears.
Summary: The ANTARES study is a phase II basket trial designed to evaluate the tissue-agnostic efficacy of the monoclonal anti-PD1 antibody, nivolumab, in patients with advanced or metastatic rare tumors. The study aims to treat rare malignancies with PD-L1 expression (CPS ≥ 10), regardless of the tumor's tissue type or location. Patients who have not responded to standard treatments will be included, and ...
Background: Less toxic and more effective treatments are needed for cancers caused by viruses. These cancers include Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, head and neck cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, gastric cancer, anal cancer, cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, vulvar cancer, penile cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma, Kaposi sarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma. Researchers want to see if a combina...
Published Date: March 31, 2024
Published By: Howard Goodman, MD, Gynecologic Oncology, Florida Cancer Specialists & Research Institute, West Palm Beach, FL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
Frumovitz M. Neoplastic diseases of the vulva and vagina. . In: Gershenson DM, Lentz GM, Valea FA, Lobo RA, eds. Comprehensive Gynecology. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 30.
Jhingran A, Russell AH, Seiden MV, et al. Cancers of the cervix, vulva, and vagina. In: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 84.
PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board. Vaginal Cancer Treatment (PDQ): Health Professional Version. 2024 Feb 16. In: PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002. PMID: 26389242 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26389242/.


