Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Individuals At Risk of First Episode Psychosis: A Mixed Method Study
Young people constitute nearly half of Pakistan's population and are highly vulnerable to risk factors for mental illness, including poverty, inequality, abuse, and violence. Estimates suggest that 19-34% of children and adolescents experience emotional or behavioural disorders, though this is likely underestimated. In recent years, research has focused on those at imminent risk of developing serious conditions such as first episode psychosis. The concept of an At-Risk Mental State (ARMS) has highlighted the urgent need for interventions that address current symptoms, improve functioning, and reduce transition to psychosis. Up to 80% of young people with ARMS have another diagnosable condition, and almost half show poor psychosocial outcomes even six years after initial help-seeking. Evidence demonstrates that early identification and treatment can delay or prevent psychosis, including severe and enduring illnesses like schizophrenia. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) is among the most effective evidence-based approaches for this group. However, existing evidence comes largely from high-income countries, raising concerns about cultural applicability in low-resource settings. This study will culturally adapt and field test a manualised CBT intervention for young people at risk of first episode psychosis. To our knowledge, this is the first such study in a low-income country. Findings will inform scalable, culturally relevant interventions for Pakistan and similar contexts.
• Male or female help-seeking individual aged 16-35 years;
• Score 6 or above on PQ-16
• Meet the at risk of FEP criteria using CAARMS Operationalized Intake Criteria based on three groups (vulnerability, attenuated psychosis or brief limited intermittent psychotic symptoms group);
• Assessed as competent to provide informed consent.
• Give written informed consent.