Encephalitis Clinical Trials

• Aged 18-75 years (inclusive), any gender.

• Female subjects of childbearing potential and male subjects with partners of childbearing potential must use medically approved contraception or practice abstinence during the study treatment period and for at least 6 months after the end of the study treatment. Female subjects of childbearing potential must have a negative serum HCG test within 7 days before study enrollment and must not be breastfeeding.

• The subject's expected survival, as judged by the investigator, is ≥12 weeks.

• Voluntarily participate in this trial and sign the informed consent form.

⁃ 1、Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Clinically confirmed as progressive MS (including Primary Progressive PPMS or Secondary Progressive SPMS) or Relapsing-Remitting MS (RMS) according to the revised 2017 McDonald criteria. Disability status at screening must meet an EDSS score of 2-7 (inclusive) .For participants with RMS, despite standardized use of DMTs, they must have documented evidence meeting one of the following conditions prior to signing the informed consent:

• Two relapses were recorded within the first 2 years of screening;

• One recurrence was recorded within the first year prior to screening;

• Select the results of Gd-enhanced MRI scans that were positive within the previous year (if there is no record of a positive Gd-enhanced scan in the previous year, the results of the screening MRI scan can be used).

⁃ 2、Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD): Participants with AQP4 antibody-positive NMOSD meeting the 2015 IPND NMOSD diagnostic criteria, and meeting one of the following:

• Treatment with at least one immunosuppressant for over 1 year, or intolerance to immunosuppressant treatment, with suboptimal symptom control.

• At least 2 documented relapses within the last 12 months, or 3 documented relapses within the last 24 months with at least 1 relapse occurring within the 12 months prior to screening.

⁃ 3、Autoimmune Encephalitis (AE): Participants with a clinical diagnosis of Autoimmune Encephalitis based on the 2016 International Diagnostic Criteria, meeting all of the following requirements:

• Positive for at least one relevant autoantibody;

• Inadequate symptom control with or intolerance to previous standardized treatment with glucocorticoids and at least one immunosuppressant/immunomodulator (including CD20 monoclonal antibody);

• An episode of autoimmune encephalitis within 3 months prior to signing the informed consent form;

• Disability status at screening meeting a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≥ 2 or a CASE score ≥ 4 .

⁃ 4、Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP): Participants diagnosed with antibody-positive CIDP according to the 2021 EAN/PNS diagnostic criteria, with an INCAT Disability Scale total score between 2 and 9, and meeting one of the following:

• Inadequate symptom control despite standardized use of at least one first-line therapy (corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, or plasma exchange) for over 3 months;

• Intolerance to corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and plasma exchange due to side effects or other reasons.

⁃ 5、Myasthenia Gravis (MG): Participants diagnosed with antibody-positive MGFA Class II-IV Myasthenia Gravis according to the 2020 MGFA diagnostic criteria, with a Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL) profile (Appendix 6) total score ≥ 6, and meeting one of the following:

• Standardized treatment with at least one immunosuppressant for over 1 year, with one of the following indicating inadequate control: (1) persistent weakness affecting daily life, (2) worsening MG symptoms and/or crisis episodes despite standard treatment, or (3) intolerance to immunosuppressant therapy;

• Requiring maintenance therapy with plasma exchange or intravenous immunoglobulin.

⁃ 6、Anti-Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Immunoglobulin G Antibody----- - Associated Disease (MOGAD): Participants with a clinical diagnosis of MOGAD based on the 2023 International MOGAD Diagnostic Criteria, meeting all of the following:

• Positive for MOG autoantibody via cell-based assay (CBA);

• Disability status at screening meeting a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≥ 2.

• Inadequate symptom control with or intolerance to previous standardized treatment with glucocorticoids and at least one immunosuppressant / immunomodulator (including CD20 monoclonal antibody).

⁃ 7、Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (IIM): Patients clinically diagnosed with refractory, antibody-positive Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy (IIM) based on the 2017 European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology/American College of Rheumatology (EULAR/ACR) classification criteria. At screening, at least one muscle enzyme (CK, AST, ALT, ALD, LDH) must be ≥1.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN); OR the Cutaneous Dermatomyositis Disease Area and Severity Index (CDASI) for dermatomyositis must be ≥6 (Appendix 7); OR there must be evidence of active myositis within the last 6 months from at least one of the following: MRI, electromyography, or muscle biopsy. The patient must test positive for at least one myositis-specific antibody (MSA), myositis-associated antibody (MAA), or antinuclear antibody (ANA). Additionally, they must meet one of the following criteria:

• Treatment with corticosteroids for at least 1 month, combined with standardized use of at least one immunosuppressant/immunomodulator (e.g., azathioprine, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, cyclophosphamide, leflunomide, intravenous immunoglobulin, etc.) for over 3 months, resulting in inadequate symptom control.

• Intolerance to the aforementioned conventional treatment regimens due to side effects or other reasons.