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IgA nephropathy  – also known as Berger’s disease – happens when a protein called immunoglobulin A (IgA) builds up in the kidneys. This buildup causes swelling that damages the tiny blood vessels in the kidneys that filter waste from the blood. The exact cause of IgA nephropathy isn’t known, but it might be linked to genes, infections, or problems with the immune system, according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease. The National Kidney Foundation states research suggests infections, like those in the throat or sinuses, might cause the IgA to build up in the kidneys. 

IgA nephropathy is a common kidney disease. About 1 in 10 kidney biopsies in the United States show IgA nephropathy.  

Although anyone can develop the disease, it is usually more common in people who: 

• Have a family history of IgA nephropathy 

• Have certain health conditions, such as celiac disease, hepatitis, cirrhosis, and HIV 

• Are between the age of 10 to 40 

• Are of East Asian or white European ancestry 

• Were assigned male at birth 

The National Kidney Foundation says the survival rate for IgA nephropathy depends on how serious the disease is and how it’s treated. IgA nephropathy can cause the kidneys to stop working over time. Around 1 in 5 people with IgA nephropathy develop kidney failure within 10-20 years of diagnosis. When that happens, a treatment called dialysis, or a kidney transplant, is required to stay alive. According to a study published in the Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, the life expectancy in countries where IgA nephropathy is commonly encountered varies from ages 70 to 85 years for patients who receive life-extending treatments such as dialysis or a kidney transplant.  

Doctors diagnose IgA nephropathy using several tests. It usually starts with a urine (pee) test to check for blood or protein, which can be signs of kidney problems. If the test shows something unusual, doctors might do a blood test to see how well the kidneys are working. The most accurate way to diagnose IgA nephropathy is with a kidney biopsy, where a small sample of kidney tissue is taken and looked at under a microscope to find IgA deposits. 

For people with IgA nephropathy, eating the right foods can help protect the kidneys, according to the IgA Nephropathy Foundation. It’s important to limit salty foods because they can raise blood pressure and harm the kidneys. Eating less protein, like red meat, is also a good idea because too much protein can strain the kidneys. Processed foods with lots of additives and preservatives should also be avoided. If the kidneys aren’t working well, it might be necessary to eat less potassium and phosphorus, found in foods like bananas and dairy products.