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An obstetrician-gynecologist (OB-GYN) is a doctor specializing in the reproductive health, pregnancy, and childbirth of individuals assigned female at birth. Obstetricians focus on care during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum, while gynecologists manage conditions affecting the female reproductive system, like menstrual disorders or infections. Most OB-GYNs are trained in both fields, which allows them to handle a wide range of health needs. Gynecologists who are not also obstetricians do not deliver babies, while OB-GYNs typically provide this service. 

OB-GYNs can specialize in various areas, depending on their training and focus: 

• General OB-GYNs: Provide comprehensive reproductive health care, including routine exams, contraception, and pregnancy care. 

• Perinatologists (Maternal-Fetal Medicine Specialists): Focus on high-risk pregnancies, including complications like gestational diabetes or preeclampsia. 

• Reproductive Endocrinologists: Help with fertility issues and conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). 

• Gynecologic Oncologists: Specialize in diagnosing and treating cancers of the female reproductive system. 

• Urogynecologists: Treat pelvic floor disorders, including incontinence and uterine prolapse.  

The frequency of visits depends on your health and circumstances: 

• Individuals who are not pregnant: Should visit an OB-GYN once a year for preventive care, including pelvic exams and screenings. 

• Pregnant individuals: Typically have monthly visits during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy, biweekly visits from weeks 28 to 36, and weekly visits from week 36 until delivery. 

Your doctor might recommend more frequent visits if you have a high-risk condition. 

Bowel Incontinence
Cervical Dysplasia
Chlamydia
Ectopic Pregnancy
Endometriosis
Human Papillomavirus Infection
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Infertility
Ovarian Cysts
Uterine Fibroids
Preeclampsia
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Urinary Incontinence
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Uterine Fibroids

People assigned female at birth should schedule their first visit to an OB-GYN between the ages of 13 and 15. This initial visit is often a conversation about health, development, and any questions or concerns. Pap smear screenings for cervical cancer generally begin at age 21, although earlier screenings may be recommended based on individual health needs, such as having a family history of cervical cancer. 

Yes, OB-GYNs are trained surgeons capable of performing a wide range of procedures. Common surgeries include cesarean sections (C-sections), hysterectomies, laparoscopic surgeries for conditions like endometriosis, and removal of ovarian cysts. They also perform minimally invasive procedures like dilation and curettage (D&C) or tubal ligation for sterilization. Some OB-GYNs focus heavily on surgical care, depending on their specialization or patient needs.