• Treatment refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder:

‣ Aged 18\

∙ 65 when signing informed consent, outpatient or inpatient, male or female.

⁃ Fits DSM-5 obsessive-compulsive disorder criteria.

⁃ Fits treatment refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder criteria (both i and ii):

• i.Treated with at least 3 kinds of serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) with at least 2 kinds of 2nd generation antipsychotic medication as enhancement, enough dosage and enough course of treatment, and still no effect or intolerant.

• ii.While using enough dosage of SSRIs, treated with more than 8\

∙ 12 times of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) or CBT-intolerant.

• d)Y-BOCS score ≥ 25 in screening period and baseline. e)CGI-S score ≥ 4 in screening period and baseline. f)Patient and guardian agree to DBS implant and sign informed consent after fully understood research aims, contents, anticipated treatments and risks.

• Treatment refractory schizophrenia:

‣ Aged 18\

∙ 65 when signing informed consent, outpatient or inpatient, male or female.

⁃ Fits DSM-5 schizophrenia criteria.

⁃ Course of disorder ≥ 5 years.

⁃ Fits treatment refractory schizophrenia criteria, one of the conditions below:

• i.Treated with more than 2 different anti-psychotic medications (clozapine excluded), enough dosage (equivalent dosage as chlorpromazine ≥ 600mg/day), enough course of treatment (≥ 12 weeks), no effect or intolerant.

• ii.Treated with enough dosage of clozapine (≥ 300mg/day or blood medication concentration ≥ 350ng/ml, enough course of treatment (≥ 12 weeks), no effect or intolerant.

• e)PANSS score ≥ 70 in screening period and baseline, and at least 1 item from 5 items (P1, P2, P3, P5, P6) of PANSS positive symptom scale ≥ 4; or at least 3 items from PANSS negative symptom scale (N1\

∙ N7) ≥ 4, or at least 2 items ≥ 5.

• f)CGI-S ≥ 4 in screening period and baseline. g)GAF ≤ 60 in screening period and baseline. h)Patient and guardian agree to DBS implant and sign informed consent after fully understood research aims, contents, anticipated treatments and risks.

• Treatment refractory bipolar with depression:

‣ Aged 18\

∙ 65 when signing informed consent, outpatient or inpatient, male or female.

⁃ Fits DSM-5 bipolar I or bipolar II criteria, currently with depression episode.

⁃ Course of disorder ≥ 2 years.

⁃ Fits treatment refractory bipolar with depression criteria (treated with two different kinds of treatment below, enough dosage and enough course of treatment ≥ 8 weeks, and cannot acquire symptom cure for 8 consecutive weeks, either i or ii):

• i.Used at least two medications (alone) among Olanzapine (10-20mg/d) + Fluoxetine (20-60mg/d), Quetiapine (200-600mg/d), Lurasidone (40-160mg/d), Lamotrigine (200-400mg/d) ii.Used at least one medication above (alone), and used one of medication above with another medication among Lamotrigine (200-400mg/d), Valproate (1000-2000mg/d) and lithium salt (blood lithium reaches 0.8mmol/L).

• e)Upon medication treatment, electroconvulsive therapy ≥ 12 times, no effect or failed (such as intolerant).

• f)Fits severe symptom criteria: i.Depression episode ≥ 12 weeks in screening period. ii.MADRS score ≥ 26 in screening period and baseline. iii.GCI-BP score ≥ 4 in screening period and baseline. iv.YMRS score ≥ 12 in screening period and baseline. g)Patient and guardian agree to DBS implant and sign informed consent after fully understood research aims, contents, anticipated treatments and risks.

• Treatment refractory anorexia nervosa:

‣ Aged 18\

∙ 65 when signing informed consent, outpatient or inpatient, male or female.

⁃ Fits DSM-5 anorexia nervosa criteria, consider both restricting type and binge-eating/purging type.

⁃ 10 ≤ BMI \< 16 in screening period and baseline.

⁃ Fits treatment refractory anorexia nervosa criteria (both i, ii, iii and iv):

• i.Course of disorder ≥ 5 years, severe and sustained anorexia nervosa. ii.With ≥ 3 times repeated inpatient history and bad treatment effect (can't complete treatment or immediate relapse after treatment).

• iii.Through systemic nutrient treatment, medication (SSRIs and/or anti-psychotics), psychotherapies (such as reinforced CBT, FBT treatment), no effect or intolerant.

• iv.Worsened instability of clinical treatment, refuse treatment or bad reaction to reinforced treatment, last for more than 1 year, with more than 2 times of involuntary food intake.

• e)Patient and guardian agree to DBS implant and sign informed consent after fully understood research aims, contents, anticipated treatments and risks.

• Gambling disorder:

‣ Aged 18\

∙ 65 when signing informed consent, outpatient or inpatient, male or female.

⁃ Course of disorder ≥ 2 years.

⁃ Diagnosed as gambling disorder based on DSM-5, fits medium or severe diagnostic standard (≥ 6 terms)

⁃ Received systemic treatment (such as medication and social mental intervention) but still has iterative thoughts of impulse or gambling behaviors.

⁃ Patient and guardian agree to DBS implant and sign informed consent after fully understood research aims, contents, anticipated treatments and risks.

• Adult autism:

‣ Aged 18\

∙ 65 when signing informed consent, outpatient or inpatient, male or female.

⁃ Fits DSM-5 autism spectrum disorder diagnostic standard, and there's severe, life-threatening iterative behaviors, and independently evaluated by two psychiatric doctors.

⁃ AuBC score ≥ 62 in screening period and baseline.

⁃ CGI-S score ≥ 4 in screening period and baseline.

⁃ Course of disorder ≥ 10 years, received systemic behavior intervention or training ( such as critical reaction training, cognitive behavior intervention, language expression training, demonstration method, natural environment training, patriarch training, social skill training, intervention based on story tales, etc. ) but failed, or intolerant.

⁃ Patient and guardian agree to DBS implant and sign informed consent after fully understood research aims, contents, anticipated treatments and risks.